The recognized human rights activist Olga Karach and her family members face significant and unavoidable dangers to their life, freedom, and health both in their home country Belarus and in their country of residence Lithuania. There is a well-founded risk that they might be attacked or even killed by the Belarusian secret service in Lithuania.
Olga Karach is 50% severely disabled.
1. In Belarus, Olga Karach is at risk because of her human rights activities for the following reasons:
1.1. Olga Karach was labeled in the ‘List of persons involved in terrorist activities’ by the Belarusian Committee for State Security (KGB) under the number 773. The death penalty for ‘terrorism’ is provided for in Belarus, which means that Olga Karach faces the risk in Belarus.
Evidence:
Links to Belarusian media that wrote about the announcement of Olga Karach as a ‘terrorist’[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49].
1.2 Olga Karach, her social networks and associated structures have been labeled as ‘extremist’ 18 times. Olga Karach faces up to 7 years in prison in Belarus for ‘extremism’.
Evidence:
Media references to the label of Olga Karach, her social networks and affiliated organisations as extremist[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100].
1.3 New criminal proceedings against Olga Karach in Belarus in March 2024.
On 15 March 2024, the Investigative Committee of Belarus initiated three new criminal cases against Olga Karach. According to the new criminal proceedings, Olga Karach faces a total of 22 years in prison in Belarus if the Belarusian regime finds a way to return her to Belarus.
Evidence:
Links to the Telegram channel of the Investigative Committee of Belarus with the publication of the list of new cases against Olga Karach[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112].
1.4 Arrests and searches of Our House International Centre for Citizens’ Initiatives Our House activists in Belarus and victims of political repressions supported by Our House.
Evidence:
Media references to cases of arrests of ‘Our House’ activists and human rights defenders, as well as victims of political repression supported by ‘Our House’[113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166].
1.5 Public threats to shoot Olga Karach, threats of physical violence, threats of abduction and other threats in the Belarusian state propaganda press, including Alexander Lukashenko’s main propaganda newspaper ‘Belarus Today’.
Evidence:
Evidence of state propaganda with public threats against Olga Karach[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183].
1.6 On June 25, 2024, the trial of human rights defender Olga Karach, charged with ‘conspiracy to seize state power by unconstitutional means’ (Part 1 of Article 357 of the Criminal Code of Belarus), ‘promoting extremist activities’ (Part 1 and Part 2 of Article 361-4 of the Criminal Code of Belarus), begins in absentia. 357 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus), ‘promoting extremist activities’ (Part 1 and Part 2 of Article 361-4 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus), ‘forming an extremist formation’ (Part 1 and Part 3 of Article 361-1 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus), ‘discrediting the Republic of Belarus’ (Article 369-1 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus).
Olga Karach, Veranika Tsapkala, Yauhen Vіlskі, Anatol Kotau and Vadzim Dzmitronak are being tried as a ‘group of conspirators’.
Veranika Tsapkala is the one of the most famous leaders of the Belarusian Revolution 2020, the wife of presidential candidate Valery Tsapkala, whose headquarters were merged with those of Viktаr Babaryka and Siarhei Tsіkhanouskі, 2020 presidential candidates. She became one of the most recognisable faces of the Belarus protest.
1.7 On July 8, 2024, the Brest Regional Court handed down the verdict against human rights defender Olga Karach.
Olga Karach was sentenced in absentia to 12 years in prison and a fine of 600,000 Belarusian roubles (185,000 dollars).
Olga Karach, Veranika Tsepkala, Yauhen Vilsky and other defendants were charged under five criminal articles: ‘Conspiracy or attempted coup d’état to seize state power by unconstitutional means (Part 1 Art. 357 SCC), ‘Support of extremist activities’ (Part 1 and Part 2 of Article 361-4 SCC), ‘Formation of an extremist formation’ (Part 1 and Part 3 of Article 361-1 SCC), ‘Defamation of the Republic of Belarus’ (Part 369-1 SCC) and ‘Defamation of Alyaksandr Lukashenka’ (Part 2 of Article 367 SCC).
Evidence:
The link to the court judgement is here[184]
The links for media reported about the trial[185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196]
The link for recognition of Olga Karach as a political prisoner [197]
1.8 On July 21, 2024, Belarusian propagandist Igor Tur produced a TV programme entitled ‘To be completed’ about the harsh sentence of Belarusian human rights activist Olga Karach to 12 years in prison and a fine of 185 000 dollars for ‘attempted coup d’état to seize state power by unconstitutional means’.
In this TV programme, Belarusian propagandist Igor Tur claims that there are secret negotiations between Lithuania and Belarus to extradite Olga Karach to Belarus. The propagandist claims that “Lithuania will extradite Olga Karach to Belarus by the beginning of 2026 at the latest, where the human rights defender will serve her 12-year sentence in full.”
What evidence do we have?
Link to the TV program here[198]
2. In Lithuania, Olga Karach and her relatives are in danger for the following reasons.
2.1 KGB espionage in Lithuania against Olga Karach and the human rights organization ‘Our House’ in Lithuania, which is led by Olga Karach.
On September 28, 2022, Mantas Danelius, a Lithuanian lawyer of Our House, was arrested by the Lithuanian police and charged with espionage and working for the Belarusian KGB. As it turned out, Mantas Danelius secretly collected information and data from “Our House” volunteers, which he then passed on to the KGB in Belarus.
Mantas Danelius is currently on trial. He is formally charged with spying for the KGB.
Evidence:
Links to Lithuanian media that have published information about the arrest of Mantas Danielius and his trial[199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270]
2.2 Attempts to discredit Olga Karach in Lithuania by Belarusian special services. The Lithuanian police refuse to search for the perpetrators and take no action.
2.2.1 On April 20, 2023, the day of the vote on President Nauseda’s veto of Law No. XIV-1868 (Law on Discriminatory Restrictions on Belarusians and Russians Living in Lithuania), unknown assailants distributed a threatening letter to the Seimas (Parliament) deputies in the name of Olga Karach in order to discredit her in the eyes of Lithuanian politicians. Despite Olga Karach’s request to the police and the request of the Lithuanian MPs, the police refused to investigate the case and search for the senders of the letters.
Evidence:
Links to Belarusian media that have reported on this case[271][272][273].
2.2.2 On September 20, 2023, members of the Lithuanian Parliament received threatening emails allegedly from the Belarusian battalion ‘Terror’ fighting in Ukraine. They contained threats that ‘Terror’ would allegedly take revenge for Olga Karach not being granted political asylum in Lithuania. Despite calls from MPs to investigate the case, the police refused to initiate criminal proceedings and search for those responsible.
Evidence:
Links to Lithuanian media that reported on this case[274][275][276][277][278][279][280][281][282].
2.3 Aleh Barshcheuski, the husband of Olga Karach and an independent Belarusian journalist, has been resting illegally on Lithuanian territory since March 2024, as he has not been granted political asylum, and deportation proceedings to Belarus can begin at any moment. As he was an illegal immigrant, he had no health insurance and no access to medical care in Lithuania.
Evidence:
– A letter from the Lithuanian Migration Service dated 25.03.2024 stating that Oleg Borshchevsky could be forcibly deported to Belarus.
– A protocol from the Lithuanian migration authority dated 29.03.2024 stating that Aleh Barshcheuski is staying illegally in Lithuania.
– Aleh Barshcheuski’s refusal of 29.03.2024 to return to Belarus voluntarily.
– Letter from the Lithuanian Migration Service dated 19.04.2024 stating that Aleh Barshcheuski has no legal basis to stay in Lithuania.
2.4 Violations of the procedures for reviewing the political asylum of Olga Karach, Aleh Barshcheuski, Sviatlana Karach and Yauhen Karach (parents of Olga Karach).
The Lithuanian Migration Department violated its own procedures in relation to Olga Karach and her family. The Lithuanian court recognised the violation of the political asylum examination procedure and the delay in decision-making in relation to Olga Karach, Aleh Barshcheuski, Sviatlana Karach and Yauhen Karach.
Evidence:
– (lit./eng.) Court judgement of 27.06.2023 on procedural shortcomings and delays in the processing of Olga Karach’s political asylum applications.
– (lit./eng.) Court judgement of 30.10.2023 on procedural deficiencies and delays in the processing of asylum applications by Aleh Barshcheuski.
– (lit./eng.) Court judgement 10.04.2024 on procedural deficiencies and delays in the processing of asylum applications of Sviatlana Karach and Yauhen Karach.
2.5 Violation of the rights of Olga Karach and Aleh Barshcheuski to a fair and just trial. The Lithuanian Supreme Court did not allow Olga Karach, Aleh Barshcheuski and their lawyers to participate in the asylum procedure and examined the documents without them.
Evidence:
– (lit/eng.) Court decision of 18.12.2023 on the refusal to grant political asylum to Olga Karach before the Supreme Court without her participation and the participation of her lawyer.
– Court decision of 12.02.2024 on the refusal to grant political asylum to Aleh Barshcheuski before the Supreme Court without her participation and the participation of her lawyer.
2.6 Olga Karach was denied political asylum in Lithuania as she was unfoundedly accused as a ‘threat to Lithuanian national security’ and was threatened with deportation to Belarus.
On August 3, 2023, the Migration Department of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Lithuania refused to grant Olga Karach political asylum and it was decided to issue her a temporary residence permit until 23 August 2024 instead. This decision was taken on the grounds that although Olga Karach fulfils the criteria for refugee status and subsidiary protection according to the Migration Department, she was not granted asylum due to a statement by the Lithuanian Ministry of National Security that there are compelling reasons to believe that her presence in the Republic of Lithuania could pose a threat to the security of the state. At the same time, the Lithuanian Ministry of National Security confirmed that it did not have sufficient evidence to initiate criminal proceedings against Olga Karach in Lithuania, for example for espionage, and that there was no information that she was currently co-operating with any secret service. In court, the Ministry of National Security presented no evidence of a ‘threat’, claiming that the information was classified. Under Lithuanian law, Olga Karach faces deportation to Belarus after 23 August 2024.
On February 4, 2024, Olga Karach filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg.
Evidence:
– (lit/eng.) The decision of the migration authority of Lithuania of 03.08.2023 not to grant Olga Karach political asylum.
– Olga Karach’s application to the European Court of Human Rights of 14 February 2024 for the violation of her rights in Lithuania during the examination of her application for political asylum.
https://echr.app/applications/793910
– Media link to the statement by Laurynas Kaščiūnas, Chairman of the Lithuanian National Security and Defence Committee (now Minister of Defence), that Olga Karach was ‘only allowed to live’ in Lithuania and could not engage in human rights and opposition activities, clearly indicating attempts by Lithuania to block Olga Karach’s human rights activities[283][284][285].
2.7. Denial of political asylum in Lithuania to Olga Karach’s husband and Belarusian independent journalist Aleh Barshcheuski on the basis of unreliable data from the Lithuanian Migration Department.
On October 9, 2023, the Lithuanian Migration Department denied political asylum to Aleh Barshcheuski, independent journalist and husband of Olga Karach. Attempts to appeal the decision in court were unsuccessful. On March 20, 2024, the Lithuanian Supreme Court confirmed the decision not to grant Aleh Barshcheuski political asylum. The Lithuanian Migration Department deceived the Lithuanian Supreme Court by providing irrelevant and unreliable information about Aleh Barshcheuski. Currently, the Supreme Court Commission is examining the claim that the court’s decision was made on the basis of inaccurate information. Aleh Barshcheuski faces deportation to Belarus from March 20, 2024. As an opposition journalist and editor-in-chief, he faces torture and a prison sentence of at least seven years in Belarus.
Evidence:
– Decision of the Lithuanian Supreme Court of 20 March 2024 on the rejection of political asylum for Aleh Barshcheuski.
– Decision of the Supreme Court of 03.04.2024 on the retrial of Aleh Barshcheuski
2.8 Refusal of political asylum for the parents of Olga Karach, Sviatlana Karach and Yauhen Karach.
On April 2, 2024, the Lithuanian Migration Department denied political asylum to Olga Karach’s parents, Sviatlana and Yauhen Karach, on the grounds that they were not under threat in Belarus, that there was no war or military conflict in Belarus and that there were allegedly no criminal proceedings against Olga Karach’s parents. In the summer of 2022, their flat in Vitebsk (Belarus) was searched, although it is not clear on the basis of which criminal case, all computer equipment was confiscated.
Evidence:
The decision of the Lithuanian Migration Department of March 27, 2024 to refuse political asylum because Olga Karach’s parents are allegedly not under threat in Belarus.
2.9 Public announcement by Aleh Gaidukevich, Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the National Assembly of Belarus, on May 23, 2021 on the planning of special operations against well-known opposition activists abroad, such as abduction and repatriation to Belarus.
On September 5, 2021, Vladimir Archakov, Deputy State Secretary of the Security Council of Belarus, admitted that a number of special operations were being prepared to physically eliminate opposition leaders abroad, including a fake car accident. This explains, among other things, the fear and great concern of Olga Karach and her family.
Evidence:
Links for the media reported about it[286][287][288]
2.10. The attack on the Russian opposition figure and Navalny confidant Leonid Volkov on March 13, 2024 in Vilnius/Lithuania is attributed to the Russian secret service.
The Lithuanian secret service stated: ‘It is likely that the attack was an operation organised and carried out by Russia.’
This is why we also feel unsafe in Vilnius, also because of such cases[289].
Volkov commented: ‘The biggest risk is that they will kill us all’[290].
From December 26, 2022, Olga Karach and her family were detained by the Lithuanian police in a special shelter around the clock for 17 days because the police had information that Lukashenko was preparing an assassination attempt on Olga Karach and her family.
2.11. On May 13, 2024, a health insurance company demanded that the independent journalist Aleh Barshcheuski return the ventilator that had been provided to him by the health insurance company, as Aleh Barshcheuski is currently residing illegally in Lithuania and does not have health insurance. This created additional risks to his life and health.
Also, due to his illegal status, Aleh Barshcheuski cannot see a doctor or get prescriptions for the high blood pressure and diabetes medication he needs.
Evidence:
– The letter from the health insurance company with the demand to return the ventilator
As an illegal alien, Aleh Barshcheuski cannot use his bank account in Lithuania.
2.12. On June 11, 2024, the Lithuanian Court of First Instance denied political asylum to Olga Karach’s parents, Sviatlana and Yauhen Karach, on the grounds that the court considered it safe for Olga Karach’s parents to return to Belarus and live there.
This decision is in direct contradiction to the report of the German human rights organisation Libereco on repression against relatives of well-known human rights activists and journalists in exile, as reported here[291]
Olga Karach’s parents are also at extreme risk of being abducted to Belarus and taken into so-called ‘clan detention’. The Belarusian regime actively uses the instrument of blackmail and hostage-taking of relatives in order to gain access to Belarusian opposition members.
The parents of Aleh Barshcheuski were found dead in their flat in Belarus on December 15, 2022, although they had no illness. This was exactly a few days after his Olga Karach received the Weimar Human Rights Prize on 10 December 2022. To this day, the death of the parents has not been solved and there is no investigation into whether the parents were victims of murder. Olga Karach and Aeh Barshcheuski see this as an act by the Belarusian KGB to intimidate and ‘warn’ them. This is why Olga Karach’s parents are also at risk.
Evidence:
– Decision of the Lithuanian Court of First Instance denied political asylum to Olga Karach’s parents, Sviatlana and Yauhen Karach
2.13. On June 13, 2024, Aleh Barshcheuski won before the Lithuanian Court of First Instance, which annulled the administrative protocol on the journalist’s illegal stay in Lithuania drawn up by the Lithuanian Migration Department on March 29, 2024. The court found that the Lithuanian Migration Department had seriously violated the procedure for drawing up the administrative protocol and that the journalist’s current illegal status was inevitably and exclusively due to the fault of the Lithuanian Migration Department, which prevented the journalist’s regularization in every possible way. It was also found that the Lithuanian Migration Department had seriously violated the procedure for cancelling the asylum seeker Aleh Barshcheuski’s ID-card.
The court also found that the administrative report on Aleh Barshcheuski’s illegal stay in Lithuania was prepared by migration officials on the personal instructions of the head of the Lithuanian Migration Department, Evelina Gudzinskaite, and not as required by Lithuanian law, which is a direct indication of the Lithuanian Migration Department’s political pressure on human rights defender Olga Karach and her family members, especially her husband.
Evidence:
– Decision of the Lithuanian Court of First Instance, which annulled the administrative protocol
2.14. On June 21, 2024 (after three months of examining the documents), the Lithuanian Migration Department officially announced that the examination of Aleh Barshcheuski’s residence permit had been suspended indefinitely.
Aleh Barshcheuski was an illegal alien and can be deported to Belarus at any time, and a secret decision on his deportation to Belarus can be made against him, as it happened in the case of Our House activist Yuliya Prasanova, who was visited by Lithuanian border guards on June 20, 2024 to deport her to Belarus in accordance with the secret deportation decision of the Lithuanian Migration Department. Yuliya Prasanova received the decision on her deportation to Belarus after numerous appeals only on June 25, five days after the attempt to deport her to Belarus.
We do not rule out such a secret decision to deport the journalist Aleh Barshcheuski to Belarus – as happened in the case of Yuliya Prasanava.
Evidence:
– The letter from the Lithuanian Migration Department with the officially announcement that the examination of Aleh Barshcheuski’s residence permit had been suspended indefinitely.
2.15. On July 5, 2024, Aleh Barshcheuski received a temporary residence permit in Lithuania, but only until 01.01.2025, i.e. for only 6 months. After January 1, 2025, Aleh Barshcheuski will be in Lithuania illegally again, but this time for good, as his passport expires and he cannot travel to Belarus to change it, he will be arrested. If he had political asylum, he would have received a travel document for refugees, but he is denied political asylum in Lithuania, so in a few months Aleh Barshcheuski will be without any documents, even without a passport.
Evidence:
- The ID card of Aleh Barshcheuski
2.16. On August 14, 2024, Olga Karach received a strange call from migration officials who demanded that she prove that she was really in Lithuania, although migration does not need to know Olga Karach’s whereabouts to make a decision on issuing a temporary residence permit in Lithuania. Olga Karach took a photo of herself against the background of a Lithuanian road sign and sent it to the Lithuanian Migration Department. The staff of the Migration Department did not explain why they needed a photograph of Olga Karach.
Evidence:
– the screenshot in the Viber for the phone of the migration official
2.17. On August 14, 2024, Olga Karach received a message from the Lithuanian Migration Department that the processing of her documents for a residence permit had been stopped by the Lithuanian Migration Department for an unknown period of time.
Evidence:
- The screenshot from the Migris system
2.18. On August 16, 2024 two employees of the Lithuanian Migration Department came to Olga Karach’s home, video-recording her and asking her strange questions that had nothing to do with her residence permit, but were relevant to her human rights work, including in Lithuania. The men did not give their names. Olga Karach contacted the Lithuanian Migration Department and asked them to explain in writing the purpose of the visit to her home and the video shooting.
2.19. On August 21, 2024, Olga Karach formally requested the Lithuanian Department of National Security to release her dossier for public dissemination.
Since August 24, 2024, Olga Karach has been an illegal alien in Lithuania under the risk of deportation back to Belarus.
2.20. On 7 September 2024, Olga Karach was granted a temporary residence permit for less than one year, until 1 September 2025.
2.21. On 18 September 2024, the Lithuanian Supreme Court finally denied her husband, journalist Aleh Barshcheuski, political asylum in Lithuania.
2.22. On Friday, September 20, the Vilnius Regional Court found Vilnius resident and Lithuanian lawyer Mantas Danielius guilty of espionage for the KGB, targeting the Belarusian human rights organization “Our House” in exile in Lithuania. He was sentenced to nine years in prison. The verdict is not final and can still be appealed to the Lithuanian Court of Appeal. Mantas Danielius was arrested by Lithuanian police in October 2022 while attempting to flee to Belarus. Since then, he has been charged with espionage for the KGB and has remained in custody throughout the trial.
This document explains, among other things, the concrete fears of Olga Karach and her family that they face considerable and unavoidable dangers to life, freedom and health in Lithuania and even more so in Belarus.
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[2] Вясна, 03.09.2021, https://spring96.org/ru/news/104864
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[280] Депутаты сейма Литвы получили письмо с угрозами якобы от “белорусов, которые не живут у себя на родине” | Pozirk
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